Anastasiya A. Matveeva
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Megapolis as an environment for criminal activity (on the example of a criminal violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules)Moscow University Bulletin. Series 11. Law. 2022. № 6. p.58-70read more989
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The article analyzes the peculiarity of the violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules in the metropolis in the criminal law context. Various approaches to the concept of “megapolis” in the context of the Russian legal reality are considered through the allocation of its properties and features, as well as differentiation with the term “agglomeration”. The “criminological paradoxes” of crime in a megalopolis are deduced, among which the highest possible rates with relatively low relative crime rates and a reduction in crime when its limit is reached, and the reasons for their occurrence are called. Examples of application in judicial practice in the period from 2011 to 2022 of Article 236 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are given, in particular, focusing on the crime scene to identify the features of the geography of violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules. The specifics of responsibility in establishing violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules in the legislation of the Russian Federation, presented not only by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but also by the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation, are noted. The article analyzes the practice of bringing to criminal responsibility for committing violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules of persons with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Based on the decisions of law enforcement, the authors conclude that violations of sanitary and epidemiological rules are more and more often committed in small towns and villages, and the violations themselves are mostly established in the field of catering.
Keywords: violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules, megapolis, criminology
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Criminological urban science: the contribution of scientists of Moscow University to its formation and development prospects in the XXI centuryMoscow University Bulletin. Series 11. Law. 2025. № 5. p.160-176read more155
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In today’s world, it’s crucial not only to focus criminological research on urban issues, but also to develop an independent field within criminology. The author proposes calling it criminological urbanology. This field could focus on the determination of crime in urban settings, as well as criminological prevention processes. The emergence of a broader field, legal urbanology, may serve as a basis for this conclusion. The historical premise for the emergence of criminological urbanology should be considered the comprehensive study of territorial differences in crime conducted in the Soviet Union and abroad. Prominent scholars from the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at Moscow University — Professors M.N. Gernet, A.N. Trainin, A.A. Gertsenzon, and N.F. Kuznetsova — made significant scientific contributions to this field. The paper presents a brief overview of their scientific contributions to the study of urban crime, using Moscow as an example. The studies of Moscow crime in 1923 and 1968–69 played a particularly important role, addressing not only scientific but also educational objectives. The involvement of students from the Faculty of Social Sciences and the Faculty of Law of Moscow University facilitated the students’ acquisition of independent research skills, a sense of the connection between research and practice, and a more detailed understanding of the subject. The mission of the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology at Lomonosov Moscow State University is to continue the scientific tradition at the present stage.Keywords: urban crime, architectural criminology, criminogenic and anticriminogenic factors, preventive activities, training course, urban lifestyle, urban environment, urban culture
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