Articles

The article deals with a set of international legal requirements towards prevention, reduction and control of operational pollution from offshore oil and gas installations. The analysis shows the fragmented character of the current international legal framework, that is reflected both in general nature of global maritime conventions rules on the operational pollution prevention and the non-extension of global rules and standards of reduction and control to the most hazardous pollutant agents arising from underwater drilling. The comprehensive sets of requirements on prevention, reduction and control of operational pollution are established by only a few regional maritime conventions. In the light of the fragmented nature of international legal framework, the study attempts to make the case for the universal ≪Guidelines on prevention, reduction and control of operational pollution from exploration and exploitation of the seabed resources≫. Elaborating further on prospects of regional regulation the study considers the most relevant geographical regions of international cooperation for the Russian Federation.

Administrative procedure is noted by a significant step in the development of the institution of legal (primarily procedural) responsibility, which is reflected in the appearance of a special section of the Code. Determining the place of the ratio of measures of procedural compulsion and measures of procedural responsibility, the author shows that these concepts overlap: not all measures of non-property procedural compulsion in administrative proceedings are measures of procedural responsibility (so, the obligation to appear cannot be considered a measure of legal responsibility), while not all measures of procedural responsibility are measures of procedural compulsion. In addition, the author conducted a comparative analysis of the implementation of each measure of procedural coercion with civil and arbitration procedures.

The article analyses the organizational and legal problems associated with the consideration of applications, complaints and appeals to the prosecutor’s office. Regulations and enforcement practices are being investigated. A relatively legal analysis of the Instruction on the procedure for considering appeals and accepting citizens to the bodies of the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation, approved by Order No. 45 of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation of 30.01.2013, is given, practical problems are outlined and ways to solve them are proposed.

The importance of self-regulation in the field of protection of the Russian market from counterfeit products is noted, as well as the participation of self-regulatory organizations in the fight against counterfeit products on the commodity market. The authors underline the defining functions of self-regulatory organizations aimed at preventing the spread of counterfeit products, and make a comparative analysis of the activities of various associations, which have been most successful in preventing the spread of counterfeit products.

This article is devoted to the realization of Rabkrin’s proposals to unload the people’s courts and to create new forms of involving citizens in the work of the court and law-enforcement authorities in 1923–1927. The author introduces new materials about the history of creating of comrades’ courts. The question of creating administrative and legal sections of local Soviet bodies is also being considered.

The article attempts to consider ways to protect the state from internal and external threats using one of the methods of administrative and legal regimes established by law. In this regard, the issue of protecting human rights in the historical aspect is touched upon. The article deals with the historical aspects of the formation of administrative and legal regimes of state security during the periods of the strengthening of the revolutionary movement in the Russian Empire and the peasant uprising in Tambov province in Soviet Russia.

The war accompanied mankind from the moment of its appearance until the XX century. there was no legal prohibition on warfare. Fixation of prohibition was associated with difficulties in defining the conceptual framework, in particular the concepts of “war”, “aggression” and “aggressive war”. This article examines the process of formation of these concepts and the identification of their relationship based on the study of international legal documents and the practice of international tribunals.

The article analyzes the right of a judge in England and the USA to defer sentence. Based on long-standing division of the criminal proceedings on merits into trial and sentencing stages, anglo-american criminal procedure empowers a judge in the certain cases to defer sentence in order to induce a convicted person to correct his behaviour. Reflecting the need for flexibility in criminal justice, this institution represents a real alternative to a criminal punishment.

The article is devoted to the problem of distance education, which became extremely urgent during the pandemic and self-isolation. Both the positive and negative sides of the transition to online learning are shown. Based on a review of the results of empirical studies on distance education, including copyright, it is concluded that the rejection of traditional forms of education and reorientation to the distance model in the strategic plan will negatively affect the effectiveness and quality of higher education.

The article deals with controversial issue of the rank of Bank of Russia regulatory acts in the power structure of normative legal acts in the Russian Federation. A popular concept, criticized in the article, states that these acts have more legal force than federal laws and edicts of the President of the Russian Federation. The author provides various arguments supported by current legislation and practice of registration of regulatory acts by Ministry of Justice of Russia that regulatory acts of Bank of Russia are equal to normative legal acts of federal executive bodies in terms of the legal force.