Moscow University Law Bulletin. 2018. 3.

The article is devoted to the development of the fundamental categories of the law of obligations in the drafting of the Civil Code of the Russian Empire in the late XIX — early XX century. It considers the interpretation of the essence and subject of the obligation expressed in the articles of this Grand legal monument and in the explanations given by the Editorial Commission.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal consequences of the limitation of capacity and the recognition of incompetent citizen suffering from mental disorder. According to the author, the term «recognition incompetent» used in the law is not entirely correct, since a citizen can not be completely deprived of legal capacity. Even if he is recognized as incompetent, he can perform actual actions and legal acts, due to which he may have intellectual rights (on the results of his creative activity, etc.), property rights, etc. In cases stipulated by law, such a citizen may bear property liability.

The article analyzes one of the aspects of the application of the comparative method in constitutional studies — the choice of comparison objects. It is substantiated that the involvement of certain sources of law and legal science is determined not only by comparison purposes, but also by basic approaches (dogmatic, functional, contextual) to the application of the comparative method. Schemes of different types of comparison depending on the choice of objects (by similarity / contrast, horizontal / vertical, with a narrow / wide range of involved cases) are presented and illustrated by the example of a study of the principles of territorial organization of power.

The issue of obtaining information based on the use of special expertise through the implementation of a specialist function according to Part 1, Rule 58 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (clarification of the issues within his professional competence and obtaining the opinion of the specialist) is considered in this article. The technology of the clarification of procedure issues included into the specialist's professional competence, as well as the preparation and conduct of the research done by the specialist is developed and explained to the participants of the proceeding.

The market of organic goods began actively developing only in the middle of the 20th century. In countries that have achieved high rates of organic products trade there are peculiarities of the legal regulation of the market, but nevertheless, it is possible to single out the basic stages of its formation which is common for all countries. In Russia, the market of organic goods is only beginning to form, and foreign experience of market regulation can contribute to the development of effective legislation in order to develop the competitiveness of domestic goods in the domestic and international markets.

The issue of locus delicti, within the meaning of the territorial principle of criminal jurisdiction, remains an unresolved problem of Russian criminal law and criminal law doctrine. The article concerns a contested aspect of the problem — the possibility to localize the offence at the place where the harmful consequences of the offence were felt. The article starts with an overview of the views presented in Russian literature. The author argues in favor of localizing the crime at the place of harm and refutes the opposing arguments.

The balance of the adversarial principle and the principle of objective truth was investigated in the article. In that regard shortcomings were identified in the current system of Russian criminal procedural law. The foreign experience was addressed. The development prospects of the adversarial principle and the principle of objective truth were identified in Russian criminal procedural law.

The article investigates the victimological aspect of extremist activity of youth. Based on the study of criminal cases of the relevant category and interviews, the author identifies the main elements of the structure of personal characteristics of victims of extremist crimes of youth groups and finds out the public opinion about the protection from illegal attacks. The author's version of the classification of victims of crimes of extremist nature of youth is offered.