Telman G. Oganesyan

The article is devoted to the problem of qualifying fraud associated with deliberate failure to fulfill contractual obligations in the field of entrepreneurial activity (parts 5–7 of Art. 159 of the Russian Criminal Code). The author examines the concept of “the sphere of entrepreneurial activity”, drawing attention to controversial points in the interpretation of this concept in the science of criminal law and judicial practice. Despite the current clarifications of the Plenum of the Russian Supreme Court on the problem under consideration, in judicial practice there are errors in understanding the boundaries of the sphere of entrepreneurial activity, which in turn does not allow to effectively prosecute those persons who resort to fraudulent schemes when carrying out this activity. In addition, the clarifications of the Russian Supreme Court contain neither signs of entrepreneurial activity, nor criteria for its determination. Scientists and practitioners also have different assessments of the boundaries of entrepreneurial activity, as indicated by the author. Often, the understanding of the sphere of entrepreneurial activity also differs in criminal law and civil doctrine, although from the point of view of the unity of approaches, this situation leads to unfounded accusations. Often, the legal actions of persons in the field of entrepreneurial activity are also classified as crimes. Complicating judicial practice and ultra-active application of the now abolished Art. 1594 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The study allowed the author to formulate criteria for determining the scope of entrepreneurial activity for the purposes of Art. 159 of the Russian Criminal Code, to come to the conclusion about the need to change the interpretation of the sphere of entrepreneurial activity in legislation and law enforcement practice. The implementation of the proposed amendments and the use of these criteria will make it possible to effectively apply criminal liability measures to those who have committed crimes in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity