Features of the development of forensic tactics in modern times

Abstract

In forensic publications there are still controversial and not fully resolved issues related to the understanding of important essential problems of criminalistics, tactics, its essence, content and further development. The understanding of criminalistic tactics only as a system of recommendations on the most appropriate, rational methods of investigative actions and the process of investigation is controversial. Such an opinion does not correspond to the essence of criminalistics as a science based on the research of regularities of criminal activity. Tactical provisions have been developed, should be used and are actually used in practice, which are obligatory to follow them in the process of investigation. The rules include: the need at the very initial stage of the investigation to find out the alibi of the suspect/accused, to ensure a parallel verification of all versions, to inspect the scene of accident in cases of murder, rape, other violent crimes, theft necessarily in the absence of the suspect, accused even in cases of his confession. At the present stage, the traditional understanding of the leading question has changed. The concept of "conditionally leading question" is proposed — it is such a question, which together with the accompanying information may at first seem and be perceived as a leading question. To determine its essence, it is necessary to ask other related questions, analyze the available factual information, take into account the evidence that may be obtained later. The article sets forth other provisions. The following pattern is formulated: "sexual rapists, sexual maniacs, serial killers often have an irresistible urge to commit a subsequent or several subsequent crimes in the same place or near the place where one of the last or previous crimes was committed"

References

1. Belkin, R.S. (1987). Forensic Science: Problems, Trends, Prospects. General and Specific Theories. Moscow (in Russ.).
2. Belkin, R.S. and Vinberg, A.I. (1973). Forensic Science. General Theoretical Problems. Moscow (in Russ.).
3. Vasiliev, A.N. (1976). Investigative Tactics. Moscow (in Russ.).
4. Dospulov, G.G. and Mazhitov, S.M. (1975). Psychology of Witness and Victim Testimony. Alma-Ata (in Russ.).
5. Dubinin, N.P., Karpets, I.I. and Kudryavtsev, V.N. (1982). Genetics, Behavior, Responsibility: (On the Causes of Antisocial Acts and Ways to Prevent Them). Moscow (in Russ.).
6. Karneeva, L.M. (1973). Testimony of Accused and Suspects. In: N.V., Zhogin (Ed.). Theory of Evidence in Soviet Criminal Procedure (pp. 599–633). Moscow (in Russ.).
7. Kitaev, N.N. (2000). Unjust Death Penalty Sentences: A Systematic Analysis of the Errors Committed. Irkutsk (in Russ.).
8. Knyazkov, A.S. (2013). Analytical Tactical and Forensic Tools of Pre-Trial Proceedings. Tomsk (in Russ.).
9. Komissarov, V.I. (2009). Forensic Tactics: History, Current State, and Development Prospects. Moscow (in Russ.).
10. Kudryavtsev, V.N. (Ed.). (1986). Criminal Motivation. Moscow (in Russ.).
11. Krylov, I.F. (1976). Forensic Theory of Traces. Leningrad (in Russ.).
12. Kryukova, E.S. and Centrov, E.E. (2019). Scientific Foundations of Theoretical Concepts of the Patterns Studied by Forensic Science. Lomonosov Law Journal, 2, pp. 38–59 (in Russ.).
13. Kudryavtsev, V.N. (1968). Causality in Criminology (On the Structure of Individual Criminal Behavior). Moscow (in Russ.).
14. Lubin, A.F. (1997). The Mechanism of Criminal Activity. Methodology of Forensic Research. Nizhny Novgorod (in Russ.).
15. Luria, A.R. (1928). Psychology in Determining Traces of a Crime. Science word, 3, pp. 79–82 (in Russ.).
16. Polstovalov, O.V. (2009). Modern Problems of Forensic Tactics. Moscow (in Russ.).
17. Strogovich, M.S. (Ed.). (1974). Problems of Forensic Ethics. Moscow (in Russ.).
18. Ratinov, A.R. and Skotnikova, T.A. (1973). Self-Incrimination (Origin, Prevention, and Exposure of False Confessions). Moscow (in Russ.).
19. Smyslov, V.I. (1973). Witness in Soviet Criminal Procedure. Moscow (in Russ.).
20. Centrov, E.E. (2024). Guide to Investigative Tactics: monograph. Moscow (in Russ.).
21. Shakhrimanyan, I.K. (1972). Psychological Foundations of Individual Investigative Actions. Moscow (in Russ.).
22. Eco, U. (2006). The Name of the Rose. St. Petersburg (in Russ.).